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Artificial Intelligence: Robotics - Foundations, Components, and Applications

Introduction to Robotics Robotics is a specialized area within Artificial Intelligence (AI) that focuses on the creation, development, and control of robots. A robot is an artificial agent designed to interact with the physical world, performing tasks that range from simple movements to complex, goal-driven actions. The objective of robotics is to free humans from repetitive or dangerous tasks, allowing robots to work tirelessly and with precision. What Are Robots? Robots are machines capable of sensing and manipulating their environment. They perform a wide variety of functions by perceiving, moving, modifying, and interacting with objects. Robots can operate continuously without boredom or fatigue, making them ideal for tasks that require consistency and precision. What is Robotics? Robotics combines Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Computer Science to design, build, and operate robots. Robots are equipped with: Mechanical Components: These are structures and mo...

Artificial Intelligence: Agents and Their Environments

Understanding Agents and Environments in AI In an AI system, the core components are the agent and its environment . An agent is an entity capable of perceiving its surroundings via sensors and acting upon the environment through effectors. Environments can be simple or complex and may contain multiple agents interacting simultaneously. What are Agents and Environments? Agent: Any entity that senses its environment and acts upon it. Agents can vary widely: Human-Agent: Uses sensory organs (eyes, ears, nose, tongue, skin) as sensors and muscles (hands, legs, etc.) as effectors. Robotic Agent: Uses sensors like cameras or infrared detectors and effectors like motors and actuators. Software Agent: Interacts through encoded bit strings as input and output, operating within a digital environment. Key Terms in AI Agents Performance Measure: Criteria to determine an agent's success. Behavior: Actions an agent takes based on its perceptions. Percept: The agent’s input at a given mo...

Artificial Intelligence: Foundations, Goals, Techniques, and Applications

Introduction What is Artificial Intelligence? Artificial Intelligence (AI) is defined by John McCarthy, one of its pioneers, as “the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs.” AI enables computers, robots, and software to think intelligently, emulating human cognition in tasks requiring thought, learning, and decision-making. AI develops by examining human cognitive processes—how we learn, decide, and solve problems—and then creating software and systems that replicate these abilities. Philosophy of AI The origin of AI stems from a fundamental question: “Can a machine think and behave like a human?” This curiosity led to the pursuit of creating machines capable of human-like intelligence, allowing computers to simulate and, potentially, surpass human cognitive functions. Goals of AI Create Expert Systems – Systems that demonstrate intelligent behavior, learn, and provide explanations and advice to users. Implement Human Intellig...